Year 12 Language Notes
ぶんぽう

Here are the links to your grammar notes pages. The notes and explanations on these pages support the learning we have done in class and will help you to revise for your final exams. 
  • These language notes do not include every single point we have covered in class. When revising for your exams, you also need to refer to your own notes in your exercise book, and to your workbooks.
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DOUSHI - VERBS
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EXPRESSING "HOW TO ..." - ADDING "KATA" TO THE VERB STEM (KAKIKATA - HOW TO WRITE)
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～TE MIRU - TRY (SOMETHING) AND SEE
Coming soon:
​Giving examples:
​Noun ＋ みたいに - like ～
Coming soon:
Giving reasons:
Verb plain form ＋ から
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...(NO) TAME NI - IN ORDER TO.../ FOR THE SAKE OF...
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EXPLAINING WHEN (1) - (CHIISAI TOKI - WHEN I WAS LITTLE)
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SEQUENCING ACTIONS - SURU MAE NI / BEFORE YOU DO...
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SEQUENCING ACTIONS (-TA ATODE - AFTER WE'VE DONE -)
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...TARA - IF ...
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GIVING ADVICE USING ～たら いい
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EXPRESSING EXPERIENCES ～ことがありますか - HAVE YOU EVER ～？
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KOTO GA DEKIRU - CAN DO
Coming soon:
Giving an instruction in the negative:
Verb plain form negative ＋ ～でください
Coming soon:
Expressing what someone has said:
​～といいました
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EXPRESSING AN OPINION - ～ TO OMOU / I THINK ～
Coming soon - Expressing uncertainty and probability: ～かもしれない
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NOMINALISING WITH の (SUZUSHII NO GA SUKI / I LIKE IT WHEN IT'S COOL)
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NOMINALISING VERBS (E WO KAKU KOTO / DRAWING PICTURES)
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COMPARING TWO THINGS (NO HOU GA - MORE～THAN)
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ONAJI GURAI - ABOUT THE SAME
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COMPARING THREE OR MORE THINGS (ICHI-BAN - THE MOST)
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NEGATIVE COMPARISONS (HODO ... NAI - NOT AS ... AS)
OLD NCEA LEVEL 2 STRUCTURES:
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EXPLAINING WHEN (2) - (MATTE IRU AIDA - WHILE I WAS WAITING)
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SEASONS
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EXPLAINING WHAT HAPPENS IF/WHEN (ATSUKU NARU TO / WHEN IT GETS HOT)
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TENKI - SIMPLE WEATHER VOCABULARY
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RELATIVE CLAUSES (KATTA SENSHU / THE ATHLETES WHO WON) -
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TE FORM + IKU/KURU (TSURETE IKU / TAKE SOMEONE)
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REPORTING ON WHAT YOU'VE HEARD (～ SOU DESU / APPARENTLY...)
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GIVING ADVICE / INSTRUCTIONS (KOU YATTE/IN THIS WAY; TABENAI DE/DON'T EAT...)
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TE FORM + SHIMAU (TABETE SHIMAIMASHITA - ENDED UP EATING)
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SOMETIME; SOMEONE; SOMEWHERE; SOMETHING, ETC.
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DARE MO - NOBODY; NOWHERE; NOTHING, ETC.
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BEGIN / FINISH / CONTINUE DOING (e.g. HATARAKIHAJIMERU - START WORKING)
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USING "SHIKA" TO SAY "NOTHING BUT" - SHIKA SHIKA INAI / THERE'S NOTHING BUT DEER