く-VERBS

Links to the other verb types:

Go(5)-Dan Verbs With the Plain Form Ending:
- く -

Examples:

あるく - walk
いく（行く）- go
かく（書く）- write
きく（聞く） - hear/listen/ask

いただく - receive (humble)
つく - arrive
はたらく - work
ひく - play (a stringed instrument)

　The go-dan steps are: かきくけこ

We'll take a look at how this type of go-dan verb works, using あるく (walk) and かく (write) as examples.

Bear in mind that all other verbs that end in く in the plain (dictionary) form work the same way as these two examples (except いく (go), which is irregular in the TE form).

TE Form

Take off the く and replace with いて

あるく → あるいて
かく → かいて
いく (go) → いって (irregular TE form)

Verb Stem

Take off the く and replace with き

あるく → あるき
かく → かき
いく (go) → いき

Alternatively, if you already know the -masu form, just drop the -masu and what you have left is the verb stem.
あるきます→あるき
かきます→かき
いきます→いき

Plain Form

Non-past, positive (aka dictionary form):

あるく - walks / will walk
かく - writes / will write

Non-past, negative:

あるかない - doesn't walk / won't walk
かかない - doesn't write / won't write

Past, positive:

あるいた - walked
かいた - wrote

Past, negative:

あるかなかった - didn't walk
かかなかった - didn't write

Present continuous, non-past, positive (TE form ＋いる):

あるいている - is/am/are walking
かいている - is/am/are writing

Present continuous, non-past, negative (TE form ＋いない):

あるいていない - is/am/are not walking
かいていない - is/am/are not writing

Potential (can):

あるける - can walk
かける - can write

All potential form verbs become ichi(1)-dan verbs.
Year 13

Volitional (let's):

あるこう - let's walk
かこう - let's write

Not needed for NCEA, but handy to know.

-ます (masu) Form (Polite Form)

Non-past, positive:

あるきます - walks / will walk
かきます - writes / will write