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  • CLASSROOM LANGUAGE
    • REI - STARTING THE LESSON
    • THINGS STUDENTS SAY
    • THINGS TEACHERS SAY
    • CLASSROOM OBJECTS
    • KIMOCHI - FEELINGS
  • YEAR 9
    • HAJIMEMASHITE - FIRST MEETINGS
    • AISATSU - GREETINGS
    • GREETINGS ANIME
    • NAMAE - NAMES
    • BANGOU - NUMBERS
    • NAN SAI? - HOW OLD ARE YOU?
    • WHERE WE LIVE
    • SPORTS AND PASTIMES
    • JIKO SHOUKAI - SELF INTRODUCTION
    • KAZOKU - FAMILY
    • LIKES AND DISLIKES
    • YURU KYARA - CHARACTER MASCOTS
    • PARTS OF THE BODY - FACES
    • THE BODY - KARADA
    • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
    • WHAT'S IT LIKE - DESCRIBING WORDS
    • TENKI - WEATHER
    • KAMOKU - SUBJECTS
    • GAKKOU - SCHOOL
    • HIRAGANA
    • YEAR 9 STUDENTS
  • YEAR 10
    • KUNI - COUNTRIES
    • KAZOKU - FAMILY >
      • FAMILY VOCABULARY
      • INTRODUCING FAMILY
      • NAN NIN? - HOW MANY PEOPLE?
      • DARE GA IMASU KA -WHO IS THERE?
      • DESCRIBING APPEARANCE
      • SHUMI - HOBBIES
      • SHIGOTO - JOBS
    • TABEMONO - FOOD >
      • ORDERING IN A FAST FOOD RESTAURANT
    • HOUSING >
      • AROUND HOME - VOCABULARY
      • WHAT'S IT LIKE? - DOU DESU KA?
      • ARIMASU-THERE IS/THERE ARE
      • HITOTSU ARIMASU-THERE IS ONE
      • IN/ON/UNDER - PREPOSITIONS
      • SAYING WHAT THERE IS AND WHERE
      • ASKING AND SAYING WHERE SOMETHING IS
      • KORE/SORE/ARE - THIS/THAT
    • SEIKATSU - DAILY LIFE >
      • VERBS - INTRODUCTION
      • VERBS - DAILY ACTIVITIES
      • HOW OFTEN?
      • TOMORROW - FUTURE TIME WORDS
      • PAST ACTIVITIES
      • YESTERDAY - PAST TIME WORDS
      • JIKAN - TIME
      • YOUBI - DAYS OF THE WEEK
    • YEAR 10 GAKKOU >
      • KAMOKU - SUBJECTS
      • SUBJECT LIKES/DISLIKES
      • SCHOOL VOCABULARY
    • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
    • DOUBUTSU - ANIMALS >
      • STORIES AND SONGS >
        • Zou no hana - The Elephant's Nose
        • Kobutanukitsuneko
    • YEAR 10 KANJI
    • LISTENING PRACTICE
  • YEAR 11
    • Y11 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • THINGS AROUND TOWN
      • NANI GA ARU? - WHAT IS THERE?
      • MAE / YOKO / USHIRO - Locations
      • ADJECTIVES - REVIEW
      • DESCRIBING APPEARANCES
      • CHIISAKUTE, FURUI - Small and old - Joining adjectives
      • EKI GA ATTE, BENRI DESU - Forming compound sentences
      • IROIRONA MACHI - Descriptions of various towns
      • TARI-TARI - Do things like...
      • KARA - from, so, after >
        • KARA = FROM
        • KARA = THEREFORE/SO
        • KARA = AFTER
      • DOU YATTE IKU? - Giving Directions
      • NANI GA DEKIMASU KA - WHAT CAN WE DO THERE?
      • ASOBI NI KITE - COME AND VISIT
      • MACHI ONLINE READING LINKS
      • COUNTERS
      • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
      • AKAI NO GA HOSHII - I WANT THE RED ONE
      • IKURA - HOW MUCH?
      • SORE WO KUDASAI - THAT ONE PLEASE
      • NANI GA II - WHAT WOULD BE GOOD?
      • NI SHIMASU - EXPRESSING A DECISION
      • SHUMI - HOBBIES
      • GIVING & RECEIVING - AGERU KURERU MORAU
      • TABETAI - WANT TO EAT
      • DESCRIBING PEOPLE
      • MOU, MADA - ALREADY, NOT YET
      • SUGIMASU - Too much
      • NAGARA - While doing
      • TE MO II - PERMISSION
      • NARIMASU -BECOME
      • KOTO GA DEKIRU - CAN DO
      • CONNECTIVES - Joining words
      • SEQUENCE MARKERS AVERBS OF TIME
    • WATASHI-TACHI NO MACHI - OUR TOWN
    • KAIMONO - SHOPPING 1
    • KURISUMASU - CHRISTMAS
    • OTHER LANGUAGE NOTES
    • PRESENTATIONS - Oral language features
    • NCEA LEVEL 1 KANJI
    • FUNNY JAPANESE COMMERCIALS
    • INTERACTION PRACTICE
  • YEAR 12
    • YEAR12 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • -NO HOU GA - COMPARISONS/ MORE - THAN
      • ICHIBAN - COMPARISONS/THE MOST
      • HODO NAI - COMPARISONS/ NOT AS
      • ONAJI GURAI - COMPARISONS/ SAME AS
      • DOUSHI - VERBS
      • KOTO NI SURU - DECIDE TO DO
      • SURU MAE NI - BEFORE WE DO
      • -TA ATODE - AFTER WE'VE DONE
      • CHIISAI TOKI - WHEN I WAS LITTLE
      • VERB AIDA - WHILE VERBING
      • -TE MIRU - TRY SOMETHING AND SEE
      • KISETSU - SEASONS
      • USING と FOR IF/WHEN
      • NO - NOMINALISING ADJECTIVES
      • TENKI - WEATHER
      • AME GA FUTTE IMASU - IT'S RAINING
      • NO/KOTO - NOMINALISERS 2
      • RELATIVE CLAUSES
      • TE FORM + IKU/KURU
      • REPORTED SPEECH-SOU DESU
      • DOU YATTE - HOW TO
      • YARIKATA - HOW TO
      • KOTO GA ARIMASU KA - HAVE YOU EVER...
      • TABETE SHIMAIMASHITA - ENDED UP EATING
      • NANI KA/DARE KA - SOMETHING/ SOMEBODY
      • NANI MO/DARE MO - SOMETHING/ NOTHING
      • BEGIN DOING - SHIHAJIMERU
      • SHIKA NAI - NOTHING BUT
    • NCEA LEVEL 2 KANJI
    • ONLINE READING LINKS
    • HOMESTAY UNIT VOCABULARY
  • YEAR 13
    • YEAR13 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • TO OMOU - I THINK
      • ~SOU - LOOKS ~
      • TAME NI - IN ORDER TO/FOR THE SAKE OF
      • NODE - EXPLAINING CONSEQUENCES
      • ~SHI - EMPHASISING SUPPORTING INFORMATION
      • TARA - IF
      • ~NARA - IF
      • ~TARA II - SHOULD
      • ~SHITA HOU GA II - OUGHT TO
      • ~SHINAI HOU GA II - OUGHT NOT TO
      • ~KOTO NI NARU - IT HAS BEEN DECIDED THAT~
      • ~NAKEREBA NARANAI - I HAVE TO
      • ~NAKEREBA IKENAI - YOU HAVE TO
      • ~NAKUTE MO II - YOU DON'T HAVE TO
      • ~RARERU - THE POTENTIAL FORM
      • ~TE HOSHII - WANT SOMEONE TO DO
      • ~TE MORAU - GET SOMEONE TO DO
      • ~TE KURERU - SOMEONE DOES SOMETHING FOR US
      • ~KA DOU KA - EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY
      • TSUMORI - INTEND
      • ~ TSUMORI WA NAI - HAVE NO INTENTION OF ~
      • ~HAZU DA - EXPECTATION/SHOULD BE
      • ~TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE VERBS
      • SUPPORT/CHALLENGE IDEAS
    • NCEA LEVEL 3 KANJI
  • VERBS
    • ICHI(1)-DAN VERBS
    • GO(5)-DAN VERBS >
      • う-VERBS
      • く-VERBS
      • ぐ-VERBS
      • す-VERBS
      • つ-VERBS
      • ぬ-VERBS
      • ぶ-VERBS
      • む-VERBS
      • る-VERBS
    • IRREGULAR VERBS
    • VERB TENSES - HOW TO USE THEM
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Other Year 11 Language 
Notes

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Grammatical Structures Reference Tables


From ~ until ~ (time)

 

From ~ to ~ (place)

 

~から ~まで

なんじ から なんじ まで はたらきます か。

From what time until what time do you work?

ごぜん 8じ から ごご 5じ まで はたらきます。

I work from 8 in the morning until 5 in the afternoon.

どこ から いきます か。

From where will you go?

とうきょう えき から いきます。

I will go from Tokyo Station.

どこ まで いきます か。

How far will you go?(To where will you go?)

おおさか まで いきます。

I will go as far as Osaka.

 

Saying where you
 will do something.

 

どこ+で

Place +で

 

どこ で たべます か。

Where will (you) eat?

レストラン で たべます。

(I) will eat at a restaurant.

がっこう では たべません。

(I) will not eat at school.

どこ で かいます か。

Where will (you) buy (it)?

日本 で かいます。

(I) will buy (it) in Japan.

ニュージーランド では かいません。

(I) will not buy (it) in New Zealand.

 

Saying where you
 will go.

どこ+に

Place +に

どこ に いきます か。

Where will (you) go?

がっこう に 行きます。

(I) will go to school.

こうえん に 行きません。

(I) will not go to the park.

 

Talking about a place.

どこ+が

Place+が 

どこ が おもしろい です か。

Where/What place is interesting?

ここ/そこ/あそこ が おもしろい です。

This place/That place/That place over there is interesting.

ここ/そこ/あそこ は おもしろくない です。

This place/That place/That place over there is not interesting.

 

-い adjectives

plain form

おおきい

Big. It’s big.

negative form

おおきくない

Not big. It’s not big.

past tense form

おおきかった

It was big.

past tense negative form

おおきく なかった

It wasn’t big.

te form

おおきくて

Used for joining clauses

おおきくて、やすい。

Big and cheap.

In a sentence

ピザ は おおきい です。

The pizza is big.

And in the past tense.

ピザ は おおきかった です。

The pizza was big. 

In a sentence in front of the noun

おおきい ピザ です。

It’s a big pizza.

And in the past tense.

おおきい ピザ でした。

It was a big pizza.

 

-な adjectives

 

(-の adjectives behave the same way as -な adjectives)

plain form

きれい(です)

Pretty. It’s pretty.

negative form

きれい じゃない(です)

Not pretty. It’s not pretty.

past tense form

きれい だった/でした

It was pretty.

past tense negative form

きれい じゃなかった(です)

It wasn’t pretty.

te form

きれい で

Used for joining clauses

きれい で、おもしろい

pretty and interesting

In a sentence

まち は きれい です。

The town is pretty.

And in the past tense.

まち は きれい でした。

The town was pretty.

In a sentence in front of the noun

きれいな まち です。

It’s a pretty town.

And in the past tense.

きれいな まち でした。

It was a pretty town.

 

Talking about the existence of inanimate objects

 

ある

あります

plain form

ある/あります

There is (something)

negative form

ない/ありません

There aren’t any (somethings)

In questions

なに が あります か。

What is there?

りんご が あります か。

Is there an apple?

In a sentence

りんご が あります。

There’s an apple.

In a negative sentence

りんご が ありません。

There aren’t any apples.

In a longer sentence

テーブル に りんご が あります。

There’s an apple on the table.

 

Talking about the existence of animate objects (people and animals)

 

いる

います

plain form

いる/います

There is/are (something/somebody)

negative form

いない/いません

There isn’t/aren’t any (somethings/somebodies)

In questions

なに が います か。

What is there?

ねこ が います か。

Is there a cat?

In a sentence

いぬ が います。

There’s a dog.

In a longer sentence

にわ に いぬ が います。

There’s a dog in the garden.

With people

だれ が います か。

Who is there?

おとこ の ひと が います か。

Is there a man?

こども が います。

There is a child. / I have a child.

こども は いません。

There aren’t any children./I don’t have any children.

 

How?

By what means?

 

どう やって

なに+で

Vehicle+で

どう やって 

How?

どう やって いきます か。

How will you go?

なに で/なん で

By what?

なに で いきます か。

By what will you go?

でんしゃ で/くるま で いきます。

I will go by train/by car.

あるいて いきます。

I will go on foot. (By walking)

 

finding the verb stem

Begin with the ます form of the verb, then take off the ます. What you’re left with is the verb stem.

かいます à かい (buy)

みますà み (see)

たべますà たべ (eat)

のみますà のみ (drink)

あぞびますà あそび (play/hang out/visit)

 

going (in order) to do (something)

 

coming (in order) to do (something)

 

 

verb stem + に +
いく/くる

            かいます(buy) : かい+に+いきます  Go to buy

スーパー に パン を かい に いきます。

I’m going to the supermarket to buy some bread.

            みます(see):み+に+きます  Come to see

おきゃくさん は 東京 スカイツリー を み に きます。

Visitors come to see the Tokyo Sky Tree.

            たべます(eat):たべ+に+いきました Go to eat

レストラン に すし を たべ に いきました。

(He/she) went to a restaurant to eat sushi.

            のみます(drink) :のみ+に+きます  Go to drink

あまり、この カフェ に コーヒー を のみ に きません。

(I) don’t often come to this café to drink coffee.

            あそびます(play/hang out) :あそび+に+きます   Come to play/hang out/visit

うち に あそび に きて ください。

Please come to visit (my house).

 

want to do something

 

verb stem + たい

positive form

(want to)

たべたい

verb stem + たい behaves the same as an -い adjective. Look up the section on -いadjectives to check how to make past tenses, -te forms and plain forms.

negative form

(don’t want to)

たべたく ない

desu/masu form (desu on the end makes it more formal)

おすし が たべたい です。

I want to eat sushi.

negative

べんきょう したくない (です)。

I don’t want to study. (!)

positive

えいが を み に いきたい (です)。

I want to go and see a film.

negative

ホラー は みたく ない (です)。

I don’t want to see a horror.

past tense

(wanted to)

おみず が のみたかった (です)。

I wanted to drink water.

 

become ~ /

 grow ~

 

~ に なります

noun + に なります

おとな に なります。

Become an adult.

せんせい に なりたい です。

(I) want to become a teacher.

adjective く なります

きのう は、さむく なりました。

It got cold yesterday.

京都(きょうと) は、なつ は とても あつく なります よ。

Kyoto gets really hot in summer.

age ~さい に なります

18さい に なります。

Turn 18.

 

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  • Home
  • CLASSROOM LANGUAGE
    • REI - STARTING THE LESSON
    • THINGS STUDENTS SAY
    • THINGS TEACHERS SAY
    • CLASSROOM OBJECTS
    • KIMOCHI - FEELINGS
  • YEAR 9
    • HAJIMEMASHITE - FIRST MEETINGS
    • AISATSU - GREETINGS
    • GREETINGS ANIME
    • NAMAE - NAMES
    • BANGOU - NUMBERS
    • NAN SAI? - HOW OLD ARE YOU?
    • WHERE WE LIVE
    • SPORTS AND PASTIMES
    • JIKO SHOUKAI - SELF INTRODUCTION
    • KAZOKU - FAMILY
    • LIKES AND DISLIKES
    • YURU KYARA - CHARACTER MASCOTS
    • PARTS OF THE BODY - FACES
    • THE BODY - KARADA
    • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
    • WHAT'S IT LIKE - DESCRIBING WORDS
    • TENKI - WEATHER
    • KAMOKU - SUBJECTS
    • GAKKOU - SCHOOL
    • HIRAGANA
    • YEAR 9 STUDENTS
  • YEAR 10
    • KUNI - COUNTRIES
    • KAZOKU - FAMILY >
      • FAMILY VOCABULARY
      • INTRODUCING FAMILY
      • NAN NIN? - HOW MANY PEOPLE?
      • DARE GA IMASU KA -WHO IS THERE?
      • DESCRIBING APPEARANCE
      • SHUMI - HOBBIES
      • SHIGOTO - JOBS
    • TABEMONO - FOOD >
      • ORDERING IN A FAST FOOD RESTAURANT
    • HOUSING >
      • AROUND HOME - VOCABULARY
      • WHAT'S IT LIKE? - DOU DESU KA?
      • ARIMASU-THERE IS/THERE ARE
      • HITOTSU ARIMASU-THERE IS ONE
      • IN/ON/UNDER - PREPOSITIONS
      • SAYING WHAT THERE IS AND WHERE
      • ASKING AND SAYING WHERE SOMETHING IS
      • KORE/SORE/ARE - THIS/THAT
    • SEIKATSU - DAILY LIFE >
      • VERBS - INTRODUCTION
      • VERBS - DAILY ACTIVITIES
      • HOW OFTEN?
      • TOMORROW - FUTURE TIME WORDS
      • PAST ACTIVITIES
      • YESTERDAY - PAST TIME WORDS
      • JIKAN - TIME
      • YOUBI - DAYS OF THE WEEK
    • YEAR 10 GAKKOU >
      • KAMOKU - SUBJECTS
      • SUBJECT LIKES/DISLIKES
      • SCHOOL VOCABULARY
    • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
    • DOUBUTSU - ANIMALS >
      • STORIES AND SONGS >
        • Zou no hana - The Elephant's Nose
        • Kobutanukitsuneko
    • YEAR 10 KANJI
    • LISTENING PRACTICE
  • YEAR 11
    • Y11 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • THINGS AROUND TOWN
      • NANI GA ARU? - WHAT IS THERE?
      • MAE / YOKO / USHIRO - Locations
      • ADJECTIVES - REVIEW
      • DESCRIBING APPEARANCES
      • CHIISAKUTE, FURUI - Small and old - Joining adjectives
      • EKI GA ATTE, BENRI DESU - Forming compound sentences
      • IROIRONA MACHI - Descriptions of various towns
      • TARI-TARI - Do things like...
      • KARA - from, so, after >
        • KARA = FROM
        • KARA = THEREFORE/SO
        • KARA = AFTER
      • DOU YATTE IKU? - Giving Directions
      • NANI GA DEKIMASU KA - WHAT CAN WE DO THERE?
      • ASOBI NI KITE - COME AND VISIT
      • MACHI ONLINE READING LINKS
      • COUNTERS
      • NANI IRO - WHAT COLOUR?
      • AKAI NO GA HOSHII - I WANT THE RED ONE
      • IKURA - HOW MUCH?
      • SORE WO KUDASAI - THAT ONE PLEASE
      • NANI GA II - WHAT WOULD BE GOOD?
      • NI SHIMASU - EXPRESSING A DECISION
      • SHUMI - HOBBIES
      • GIVING & RECEIVING - AGERU KURERU MORAU
      • TABETAI - WANT TO EAT
      • DESCRIBING PEOPLE
      • MOU, MADA - ALREADY, NOT YET
      • SUGIMASU - Too much
      • NAGARA - While doing
      • TE MO II - PERMISSION
      • NARIMASU -BECOME
      • KOTO GA DEKIRU - CAN DO
      • CONNECTIVES - Joining words
      • SEQUENCE MARKERS AVERBS OF TIME
    • WATASHI-TACHI NO MACHI - OUR TOWN
    • KAIMONO - SHOPPING 1
    • KURISUMASU - CHRISTMAS
    • OTHER LANGUAGE NOTES
    • PRESENTATIONS - Oral language features
    • NCEA LEVEL 1 KANJI
    • FUNNY JAPANESE COMMERCIALS
    • INTERACTION PRACTICE
  • YEAR 12
    • YEAR12 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • -NO HOU GA - COMPARISONS/ MORE - THAN
      • ICHIBAN - COMPARISONS/THE MOST
      • HODO NAI - COMPARISONS/ NOT AS
      • ONAJI GURAI - COMPARISONS/ SAME AS
      • DOUSHI - VERBS
      • KOTO NI SURU - DECIDE TO DO
      • SURU MAE NI - BEFORE WE DO
      • -TA ATODE - AFTER WE'VE DONE
      • CHIISAI TOKI - WHEN I WAS LITTLE
      • VERB AIDA - WHILE VERBING
      • -TE MIRU - TRY SOMETHING AND SEE
      • KISETSU - SEASONS
      • USING と FOR IF/WHEN
      • NO - NOMINALISING ADJECTIVES
      • TENKI - WEATHER
      • AME GA FUTTE IMASU - IT'S RAINING
      • NO/KOTO - NOMINALISERS 2
      • RELATIVE CLAUSES
      • TE FORM + IKU/KURU
      • REPORTED SPEECH-SOU DESU
      • DOU YATTE - HOW TO
      • YARIKATA - HOW TO
      • KOTO GA ARIMASU KA - HAVE YOU EVER...
      • TABETE SHIMAIMASHITA - ENDED UP EATING
      • NANI KA/DARE KA - SOMETHING/ SOMEBODY
      • NANI MO/DARE MO - SOMETHING/ NOTHING
      • BEGIN DOING - SHIHAJIMERU
      • SHIKA NAI - NOTHING BUT
    • NCEA LEVEL 2 KANJI
    • ONLINE READING LINKS
    • HOMESTAY UNIT VOCABULARY
  • YEAR 13
    • YEAR13 LANGUAGE NOTES >
      • TO OMOU - I THINK
      • ~SOU - LOOKS ~
      • TAME NI - IN ORDER TO/FOR THE SAKE OF
      • NODE - EXPLAINING CONSEQUENCES
      • ~SHI - EMPHASISING SUPPORTING INFORMATION
      • TARA - IF
      • ~NARA - IF
      • ~TARA II - SHOULD
      • ~SHITA HOU GA II - OUGHT TO
      • ~SHINAI HOU GA II - OUGHT NOT TO
      • ~KOTO NI NARU - IT HAS BEEN DECIDED THAT~
      • ~NAKEREBA NARANAI - I HAVE TO
      • ~NAKEREBA IKENAI - YOU HAVE TO
      • ~NAKUTE MO II - YOU DON'T HAVE TO
      • ~RARERU - THE POTENTIAL FORM
      • ~TE HOSHII - WANT SOMEONE TO DO
      • ~TE MORAU - GET SOMEONE TO DO
      • ~TE KURERU - SOMEONE DOES SOMETHING FOR US
      • ~KA DOU KA - EXPRESSING UNCERTAINTY
      • TSUMORI - INTEND
      • ~ TSUMORI WA NAI - HAVE NO INTENTION OF ~
      • ~HAZU DA - EXPECTATION/SHOULD BE
      • ~TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE VERBS
      • SUPPORT/CHALLENGE IDEAS
    • NCEA LEVEL 3 KANJI
  • VERBS
    • ICHI(1)-DAN VERBS
    • GO(5)-DAN VERBS >
      • う-VERBS
      • く-VERBS
      • ぐ-VERBS
      • す-VERBS
      • つ-VERBS
      • ぬ-VERBS
      • ぶ-VERBS
      • む-VERBS
      • る-VERBS
    • IRREGULAR VERBS
    • VERB TENSES - HOW TO USE THEM